Tent-cottage.



N0 MODEL.

PATHNTED DEC. 13, 1904.

J. R. PARKS.

TENT COTTAGE.

APPLICATION FILED MAB..18, 1904.

SEBET$--8HEET 1.

w vmmeo Suva-fox GUM/mu;

PATENTED DEC. 13, 1904.

J. R. PARKS.

TENT COTTAGE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.18.1904.

4 SHEETSSHEET 2.

N0 MODEL Tn M I I I QRH 491 mason M @YW M PATENTED DEC. 13, 1904.

J. R. PARKS.

TENT COTTAGE.

APPLIUATION FILED MAR 18 1904.

4 SHEETBBHEET 3..

anoemtoz flH'o'r/nc N0 MODEL.

PATENTED DEC. 13, 1904.

I. R. PARKS.

TENT COTTAGE.

AYPLIOATION FILED MAR. 1a, 1904..

4 SHEETS-8EEBT 4.

NO MODEL.

UNITED STATES Patented December 13, 1904.

PATENT OEEIcE.

JOHN R. PARKS, OF DENVER, COLORADO, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO WILLIAM FRANCIS TUCKER. OF DENVER, COLORADO.

TE NT-COTTAGE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 777,531, dated December 13, 1904.

Application filed March 18, 1904.

To all ZU/LOWL it ntay concern:

Be it known that I, J OHN R. PARKs,a citizen of the United States of America, residing in the city and county of Denver and State of Colorado, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Tent-Cottages; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in tent-cottages, my object being to provide a structure of this class Which shall be suitable to live in during all seasons of the year and which shall at the same time be adapted for perfect ventilation, whereby the foul or impure air may be removed from the interior of the structure as quickly as possible.

It has become the practice in late years for people afflicted with consumption or tuberculosis of the lungs tolive outdoors as much as possible; and the special object of my present invention is to provide a structure adapted for this use, whereby theoccupant may enjoy pure air and at the same time be free from drafts. This is the desideratum sought in all structures intended for the use above stated.

Having briefly explained the object of my improved construction and the function it is intended to perform, I will proceed to describe the same in detail, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which is illustrated an embodiment thereof.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective exterior view of my improved tent-cottage. Fig. 2 is avertical longitudinal section taken transversely through the ventilating mechanism located in the top of the structure. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary section taken through the ventilating mechanism at the top, the parts being shown on a larger scale. Fig. 4c is a section taken on the line 4: 4, Fig. 3, looking downward. Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional detail view illustrating the means for ventilating the structure by the admission of air Serial No. 198,830- (No model.)

around the side walls near the bottom. Fig. 6 is a vertical section taken through one of the side walls, illustrating the adjustable awning used in connection with the windows. Fig. 7 is an exterior view illustrating the awning structure closed.

The same reference characters indicate the same parts in all the views.

Let A designate the vertical bars or posts of the structure, to which is applied the wood sheeting B, which extends upwardly from the floor O a suitable distance. Between the upper edge of this sheeting and the roof D the walls of the structure are composed of canvas E, which is fastened to the upright parts A by means of suitable fastening devices. The sheeting portion of the wall near the floor of the structure is provided with parts B, hinged at the bottom, as shown at B and adapted to swing outwardly, forming an opening which is preferably covered with wire-mesh material B. These hinged parts B may extend entirely around the wall of the structure, as indicated in the drawings. Opposite the ventilating-openings, adapted to be closed by the parts B and hinged to the structure on the inside, as shown at B, are inwardly-swinging parts B, which are capable of adjustment, whereby they may belocked at any desired inclination. This feature is best illustrated in Fig. 5 of the drawings, in which the part B is swung inwardly at a suitable angle and sup ported in that position by a notched bar B, which engages a pin applied to one edge of the door. By reason of the number of notches in the part B" the part B may be locked at any desired inclination. lV hen the part B is completely closed, as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, it is held in place by means of a pivoted button B The locking-bar B is pivoted to one of the uprights A, as shown at B. Each part B extends considerably above the top of the ventilating-opening, whereby the air as it enters through said opening is not allowed to pass directly inwardly, but is directed upwardly toward the ventilating mechanism in the roof or top of the tent, thus preventing the exposure of the occupant to drafts of air.

To the top of the upright parts A are attached horizontal parts E, to which the lower extremities of the roof-rafters E are attached. The upper extremities of these rafters are connected with and support a ventilating-box F, mounted in the central part of the top of the structure and projecting both above and below the rafters E and the canvas covering E at their upper extremities. It will be understood that the rafters E and the covering E constitute the roof proper of the structure. Mounted above the roof proper and extending parallel therewith is the fly or additional roof composed of rafters G and a canvas coveririg G. The lower extremities of the flyrafters are supported by brackets G which are interposed between the two sets of rafters E and G. The upper extremities of the rafters G are also attached to the upper portion of the ventilating-box F. Since the two sets of rafters E and Gr are parallel with each other, it follows that the space 6 between the roof proper and the fly is of uniform width its entire length. It must be understood that the space G communicates at the bottom with the atmosphere, while at the top of the structure the space Gr registers with openings F, formed in two sides of the ventilating-box, whereby the air may circulate freely through the space G being allowed to enter the said space at the eaves of the structure on one side thereof and escape at the eaves on the other side thereof, if desired.

The top of the ventilating-box is composed of a rigid bar-F and two hinged members F adapted to close the said box at the top when desired in order to make the roof perfectly tight from above whenever the circumstances may require this condition. The parts F however, are adapted to be kept open and locked in the open position, as indicated in the drawings. To each of the hinged parts F of the ventilating-box is pivotally connected a link F, while with the lower extremity of each link is pivotally connected an adjusting-bar F which extends downwardly into the tent and. passes through a guide F Each of these bars F is provided with small notches F adapted to engage pins F attached to the guide. Each bar being provided with a series of notches, the hinged part which it controls may be held wide open or partially closed, as may be desired. If both of the parts F are open, there is a circulation of air through the space G from the eaves of the structure on both sides, the said air-current passing out through the openings made by the opening of the hinged parts F. If, however, the wind is blowing strongly from a certain direction, the hinged part F on the side toward which the wind is blowing may be closed, while the hinged part F on the opposite side is left open. In this way the wind will be prevented from blowing into the structure, while its passage over the open part F will cause a sort of suction and have a tendency to draw the foul air from the interior of the cottage. If, however, it is stormy, or if for any other reason it is desirable, both hinged parts F may be closed, in which event the ventilation of the tent may be thoroughly effected by virtue of the free passage of air upwardly through the space G on one side of the tent and downwardly through the corresponding space on the other side of the tent.

Attention is called to the fact that the ventilating-box is open at, the bottom, a horizon-- tal screen F being applied to the said box above the bottom thereof in order to prevent the entrance of flies and insects from the outside. The bottom opening of the box is controlled by means of a part H, centrally pivoted and connected with a controlling-bar H, whereby it may be opened or closed at will. WVhen the part H is open, as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings. the air from the inside of the tent is allowed to pass freely upwardly and I out at the top of the ventilating-box or into the space G and thence out at the eaves on one side or the other of the cottage. If for any reason the ventilation is too much with the pivoted part H wide open, it may be partially closed, if desired.

From the foregoing description it will be readily understood that if the parts B of the wall are open and the parts B are swung inwardly to the position indicated in Fig. 5 the air as it enters through these bottom ventilating-openings around the wall of the tent will be directed upwardly to the ventilatingbox, whereby the foul air may be constantly removed from the tent. It is evident that by this arrangement the most perfect ventilation may be obtained, while at the same time the occupant is completely protected from cold drafts.

The front part of the structure is provided V with a suitable door I, while on each side of this door are formed openings J, adapted to be controlled by windows J, hinged at the top, as shown at J whereby they may be swung outwardly to form awnings above the openings J. These openings are preferably covered with wire-mesh material to prevent the entrance of flies and insects. This wire mesh is not indicated in the drawings, since there is no particular novelty about it, and its absence aids in the better disclosure of the other features of the structure. These hinged windows or awning devices, as shown in the drawings, are composed of suitable rectangular frames covered with canvas J and they are held at any desired inclination by means of bars J hinged at the bottom, as shown at J and provided with notches J adapted to engage pins J applied to the side edges of the frame. The supporting-bars J are adapted to swing inwardly at the opposite sides of ITO ing parts located on the inside of the structhe window when the latter is closed, sufficient space being left for that purpose, as shown at the left of the door in Fig. 1. When the parts J and J are in the closed position, the pins J 7 engage the bars from the outside and lock them in the closed position, while a pivoted button J engages the lower extremity of the frame when closed and locks the latter in the closed position.

'Attention is called to the fact that in Fig. 2 of the drawings the canvas covering of the roof and side walls of the structure is inclicated by dotted lines. It may also be stated that in Fig. 2 of the drawings the structure is broken away above the sheeting walls, as indicated by the zigzag broken lines in the said view. This was done in order to give room on the sheet to clearly show the ventilating mechanism at the top and at the same time indicate that the space between the upper edges of the sheeting and the roof is less than it would be in a properly-proportioned structure.

Attention is called to the fact that when the parts F are both open, as shown in Fig. l of the drawings, the heat of the sun upon the fly heats the air within the space G and causes an upward circulation on opposite sides of the structure, whereby up wardly-directed aircurrents are formed, passing out of the openings formed by the lifting of the parts F. This upward circulation or upwardly-directed air-currents produce a partial vacuum or sort of suction in the ventilating-box, whereby the foul or impure air is drawn upwardly from through the openings in the top of the ventilating-box.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is- 1. A structure of the class described provided with sheeting walls extending a portion of the distance from the floor to the eaves, having hinged parts adapted to swing outwardly in the lower part of the sheeting, forming ventilating-openings, and inwardly-swingture opposite said ventilating-openings, and means for controlling the inwardly-swinging parts to support them in front of said openings to prevent a direct draft of air from the outside to the interior of the tent.

2. In a structure of the class described, the combination of the roof proper and a parallel fly supported above the root' whereby the space between the root and fly is uniform, and a ventilating-box located in the central portion on the top of the structure and having a ventilating-passage open to the atmosphere at its upper extremity and to the tent at its lower extremity, two exteriorly-located members for controlling the opening at the top of the box, the said members being hinged at the top and inclined downwardly therefrom on opposite sides to correspond or approximately correspond with the pitch or inclination of the fly, the said members being adapted to open outwardly, the maid passage co1nmunicating directly between the top andv bottom openings with the upper extremities of the space between the fly and the roof proper, whereby a circulation of air is permitted from the caves of the structure on both sides upwardly through the ventilating-passage of the box, thereby inducing an upward air-current from the interior'ot' the tent.

In a structure of the class described, the combination of a roof having a fly raised above the root proper and open at the caves, of a ventilating-box mounted in the top of the structure and having a vertical passage communicating directly with the space between the fly and roof at the upper extremities of said space, the said vertical passage communicating with the interior of the tent below and with the atmosphere above, and two op positely-inclined members for controlling the opening inthe top of the box, the said me1nbers being hinged at the top and adapted to open outwardly and independently of each other whereby either may be closed while the other remains open.

4. In astructure of the class described, the combination with a root proper, of a fly mounted above the root, a ventilating-box mounted in the center of the structure at the top and having avertical passage communicating with the atmosphere at the top and with the tent below, the said box having side openings insage and communicating with the space between the fly and rooi proper, means for closing said passage above the said openings,

comprising oppositely-inclined exteriorly-located members, a top bar to which both members are hinged, and means for opening and closing the said members independently of each other from the interior of the tent, and independent means for closing the said passage below the said openings.

5. In a structure of the class described, the combination with a roof, proper and a fly mounted above the roof, of a ventilating-box mounted in the top of the structure and having a vertical passage open to the atmosphere above and to the tent below, and having openings communicating with the fly-space on opposite sides, intermediate the extremities of said passage, the top of the box being provided with two hinged parts oppositely inclined and exterierly located, said parts being adapted to open outwardly and independently of each other for controlling the vertical passage at the top, whereby the space within the box may be open to the atmosphere, and a pivoted part located in the box below the side openings and adapted to close the box at the bottom, the box being provided with a mesh theseside et therstruetnre an'd passes out termeuiate tirefitremi'ties otthe VGl'tlCtt pas- I 0 partition located above the pivoted part, and suitable controlling devices connected with the movable parts of the ventilating-box.

6. A structure of the class described provided with sheeting walls extending a portion of the distance from the floor to the eaves, having hinged parts adapted to swing outwardly in the lower part of the sheeting, forming ventilating-openings, and inwardly-swinging parts located on the inside of the structure opposite said ventilating-openings and extending above the same.

7. A structure of the class described provided with vertical walls having a sheeting portion extending a suitable distance from the floor upwardly, the said wall being provided with outwardly-swinging parts forming ventilating-openings, inwardly-swinging parts located opposite said openings and extending above the same, and suitable means for controlling the position of the inwardly-swinging parts, whereby the air as it enters the said openings may be directed upwardly.

8. In a structure of the class described, the combination with suitable means located in the top of the structure whereby its interior is made to communicate with the atmosphere, outwardly-swinging parts connected with the lower portion of the side walls forming ventilating-openings communicating with the atmosphere, and inwardly-swinging parts located opposite said openings and extending above the same, and suitable means for supporting the said parts at any desired inclination whereby the air entering through the lower ventilating-openings of the walls of the structure, is directed upwardly to the ventilating-opening in the top of the structure.

9. A structure of the class described provided with vertical walls having a sheeting portion extending a suitable distance from the floor upwardly, the said wall being provided with an outwardly-swinging part forming a ventilating opening, an inwardly -swinging part located opposite said opening, and suitable means for controlling the position of the inwardly-swinging part whereby as the air enters said opening it may be directed upwardly.

10. In a structure of the class described, the combination with a roof proper and a fly mounted above the root, of a ventilating-box mounted in the top of the structure and having a vertical passage open to the atmosphere above and to the tent below and having an opening communicating with the fly-space on opposite sides, a rigid bar located at or approximately at the angle of intersection of the inclined planes of the fly, and two exteriorlylocated members hinged to said bar on opposite sides and extending downwardly therefrom in or approximately in the planes of the fly, the said members being adapted to open outwardly for controlling the opening at the top of the box.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN R. PARKS.

Witnesses:

A. J. OBRIEN, DENA NELsoN. 

